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the following is just general discussion, not necessarily about Hicks, but speaking of Korean POW's, here's an article which is very long (14 pages) in its entirety, but is an interesting read nonetheless - goes on to discuss the movies made after the Korean War, and the mindset of the American people at that time to the Korean tactics. They slowly come round from accusing collaborators as traitors, to accepting human frailty under such circumstances. (as reflected by box office failures of movies etc)
Not about Hicks, just arguably a role reversal for USA to be the ones using these or similar techniques outside the Geneva Convention. Some pertinent references to Vietnam (and Korea) where the treatment of returning soldiers was severely influenced by the fact that it was perceived that they had lost. As if it was their fault !!
http://fornits.com/anonanon/articles/200103/20010330-258.htm
Incidentally, Gen William Dean was captured, and despite torture did not disclose that he knew of the planned Inchon invasion. He did not stick to "name rank serial number", but told them a series of half truths in various red herrings. Repeatedly interrogated for 72 hrs at a stint. (no actual torture). "During the third multiday interrogation, Dean sensed he was going to break, and was then narrowly prevented from committing suicide. He was not bothered after that."
Other quotes include:-
"Pentagon Burgess Committee knew that few could resist as well as Gen Dean, let alone remain silent. A rear admiral told the committee that all his own interrogation experts claimed to be able to 'extract information from anybody, and they say that they can do it without using actual torture.
One of the movies after the war was "Prisoner of War" starring Ronald Reagan - "he plays the fearless Web Sloane , who sneaks into a prison camp to collect proof of violations of the Geneva Convention" etcetc
in The Rack, Paul Newman plays a captured POW who cracks. A few reviewers said that "collaborators were more to be pitied than scorned". "The response to the prisoners of limited war remained divided between a sympathy that seemed to excuse weakness and a Spartan code that was unrealistic and heartless".
PS Strongly religious people were the strongest to resist.(although not mentioned in this article)
Not about Hicks, just arguably a role reversal for USA to be the ones using these or similar techniques outside the Geneva Convention. Some pertinent references to Vietnam (and Korea) where the treatment of returning soldiers was severely influenced by the fact that it was perceived that they had lost. As if it was their fault !!
http://fornits.com/anonanon/articles/200103/20010330-258.htm
http://www.cyberussr.com/hcunn/e-asia/korea-pow.html includes names of USA personnel tried after the war. (if anyone wants to go into that details - surely enough to know that under torture, deprivation etc, people will eventually crack. Some of these had 3 years of it ( Hicks has had 5 )Sandwiched between the heroic films of World War II and Vietnam are a group of prison camp films that depart from convention in every case. This mostly grim subgenre depicted the American experience of captivity during the Korean War. Some form of collaboration with the enemy is a central issue in all six feature films about American soldiers imprisoned in Korea. These mostly forgotten films are, in chronological order, Prisoner of War (1954), The Bamboo Prison (1954), The Rack (1956), Time Limit (1957), The Manchurian Candidate (1962) and Sergeant Ryker (1968). The Outer Limits television episode 'Nightmare' (1963) also fits the pattern. Prompted by a misperception of whole-scale collaboration in Korean prison camps, these dramas were forced to flip convention on its head and acknowledge frailty, weakness and unfaithfulness.
…….
The glaring difference between Korean POW films and others is attributable to the prisoner image being melded to different aspects of the particular conflict. The attention put on POWs was due in part to the wider Korean stalemate which threw into question the resolve of the entire nation. America's inability to prevail was transferred to the prisoners' failure to do the same. We may have betrayed the POWs in Vietnam, but, in Korea, they betrayed us. The hypersensitivity over prisoner performance contrasts with World War II, where victory made introspection unnecessary. Prisoners are important in Vietnam lore, but to different ends. H. Bruce Franklin and Elliott Gruner explored the representation of the Vietnam POW/MIA. The alleged abandonment of live POWs symbolized the government using men, then throwing them away when the effort became too costly. The Vietnam action film also emphasized the cruelty of captors, showing Americans to have been victims rather than perpetrators.
….
Unlike previous wars, Korea ended not with an atomic bang or conquest of a foreign capital, but when the last prisoner stepped off the boat. Under this kind of scrutiny and with no victory celebration for distraction, collaboration in prison camps could not remain the great unmentionable. Hints during the war of widespread collaboration became a flood as the POWs docked. It took a month to repatriate all the Americans, providing daily anecdotal evidence of treason. Each boat-load of returnees provided reporters with headlines like 'P.W.s Say Some G.I.s "Swallowed" Red Line, Bitter G.I.s Out to "Get" Informers Among P.W.s', or, simply, 'The Rats'. By the most agitated estimate, one-third of all POWs were guilty of some sort of collaboration with the enemy. By another account it was one in seven. Most disturbing were the defectors. Initially, 23 American prisoners chose communism over returning home. Reporters exposed the 'personal flaws' that led to treason. He was 'raised in a city slum', began one news story, and he had a sister confined to an orphanage and blinded by syphilis [24]. Defectors were regularly seen as either craven or as little boys requiring heart-rending appeals. The governor of Maryland joined one mother in a taped plea asking her son to return home. 'We all make mistakes', suggested the governor. 'Regardless of what you may have been told', he added, 'the United States has no imperialist ambitions'. 'Jack, please hurry', added the mother, her voice breaking [25]. Collaboration was understood as a defect primarily in the individual, secondarily in the environment, but rarely as a predictable occurrence in wartime incarceration.
Incidentally, Gen William Dean was captured, and despite torture did not disclose that he knew of the planned Inchon invasion. He did not stick to "name rank serial number", but told them a series of half truths in various red herrings. Repeatedly interrogated for 72 hrs at a stint. (no actual torture). "During the third multiday interrogation, Dean sensed he was going to break, and was then narrowly prevented from committing suicide. He was not bothered after that."
Other quotes include:-
"Pentagon Burgess Committee knew that few could resist as well as Gen Dean, let alone remain silent. A rear admiral told the committee that all his own interrogation experts claimed to be able to 'extract information from anybody, and they say that they can do it without using actual torture.
One of the movies after the war was "Prisoner of War" starring Ronald Reagan - "he plays the fearless Web Sloane , who sneaks into a prison camp to collect proof of violations of the Geneva Convention" etcetc
in The Rack, Paul Newman plays a captured POW who cracks. A few reviewers said that "collaborators were more to be pitied than scorned". "The response to the prisoners of limited war remained divided between a sympathy that seemed to excuse weakness and a Spartan code that was unrealistic and heartless".
PS Strongly religious people were the strongest to resist.(although not mentioned in this article)