To a large extent yes.
WA and Qld exports are dominated by mining and exporting essentially unprocessed materials.
NSW and SA it's mixed. Mining's a very definite thing but those two states also have the only steelworks in Australia, they also have other industries of all sorts. There's mining but it's not the only show in town.
Tasmania's somewhat different in that whilst the state does have a mining industry, to the extent the state has a heavy industrial presence it's far more about refining and other forms of value adding.
Iron ore mined at Savage River is transported by pipeline (yep, pipeline not road or rail) to Port Latta, then pelletized prior to shipping. So it's a value added product, not just the ore, being sold.
The third largest electrolytic zinc smelter in the world is in suburban Hobart and that alone is a $1.5 billion a year operation in terms of exports. Right next to that is a fertilizer manufacturing plant, and next to that is the Incat shipyard which exports globally.
Or at the other end of the state Bell Bay is essentially about shipping in raw materials, refining, and shipping out the products and even at lot of that is further processed. Eg alumina shipped in, refined to aluminium most of which is then cast as alloys or used in the production of aluminium powder, then shipped out. Same with manganese. Ship the manganese in, refine it, ship out silicomanganese and ferromanganese. The product shipped out is worth far more than the ore it came from.
Now of relevance politically, well if we just refined all bauxite presently mined in Australia to aluminium, rather than exporting it in raw form or as just alumina as is presently done, well that would completely replace the export value of coal. In round figures, it's an equal value there that we're presently failing to capture.
Much the same with other minerals. The ore just isn't worth that much, the real economic benefit's in refining it or, even better, then using that refined product to actually build finished products.
We could do a lot better economically than just digging up the ground in WA and loading it onto ships bound for wherever. That's not about profit per se, but if you've got $1 billion coming into the country instead of $50 million, and that is indeed the ratio for some minerals, well that additional $950 million is coming into the country and ending up in the hands of workers, contractors, suppliers government, shareholders and so on but it's all ultimately money coming into the local economy from outside.
We could do a lot more than just being a quarry.