Exactly right, 2020. Thanks for picking it up. Tautology.
Julia.Exactly right, 2020. Thanks for picking it up. Tautology.
see AGIN we find an interesting topic !!Tautology.
Tautology can refer to:
Tautology (logic), a statement of propositional logic which can be inferred from any proposition whatsoever
Tautology (rhetoric), use of redundant language that adds no information
etc ... it goes on ( not that this paragraph has EVER been understood by anyone who ever read this corner of Wiki lol) i.e. don't lose any sweat over this one - I think it's been posted onto Wiki as a pisstakeTautology (logic)
In propositional logic, a tautology (from the Greek word ταυτολογία) is a sentence that is true in every valuation (also called interpretation) of its propositional variables, independent of the truth values assigned to these variables. For example, is a tautology, because any valuation either makes A and B both true, or makes one or the other false. According to Kleene (1967, p. 12), the term was introduced by Ludwig Wittgenstein (1921).
The negation of a tautology is a contradiction, a sentence that is false regardless of the truth values of its propositional variables, and the negation of a contradiction is a tautology. A sentence that is neither a tautology nor a contradiction is logically contingent. Such a sentence can be made either true or false by choosing an appropriate interpretation of its propositional variables.
Tautology and its application in Logic Synthesis
In Logic Synthesis tautology plays an important role especially for Logic Optimization. Though the problem is intractable, whether or not a function is a tautology can be efficiently answered using the Recursive Paradigm. Any binary-valued function F is a tautology if and only if its cofactors with respect to any variable and its complement are both tautologies. Hence it can be easily concluded whether or not a function F is reducible to a tautology by recursive Shannon Expansion and the application of the above theorem.
United States President George W. Bush, before the Unity Journalists of Color convention on August 6, 2004, is quoted as saying (with regard to Native American tribes), "Tribal sovereignty means that, it's sovereign. You're a ”” you've been given sovereignty, and you're viewed as a sovereign entity. And, therefore, the relationship between the federal government and tribes is one between sovereign entities." [1]
etcThe Tenth Amendment to the US Constitution: In New York v. United States, Supreme Court Justice Sandra Day O'Connor stated, "The Tenth Amendment likewise limits the power of Congress, but this limit is not derived from the text of the Tenth Amendment itself, which, as we have discussed, is essentially a tautology." O'Connor reasoned that the Tenth Amendment simply reiterated what was already built into the structure of the Constitution generally: When the States consented to the Constitution they expressly delegated certain powers to the Federal government. Implicitly, what was not given was necessarily retained by the states.
Comedian Alan King used to tell this story: His lawyer asked him if he had ever drawn up a will. Alan said "No". The lawyer, in shock and horror, said, "If you died without a will, you would die intestate!" Alan looked up the word and found that it means "without a will". "In other words, if I die without a will, then I'll die without a will. This legal pearl cost me $500!"
The phrase "A is A", borrowed from Aristotle, was a favorite of Ayn Rand. The idea frequently appears in her Objectivist philosophy, especially as written in her novel Atlas Shrugged.
Douglas Adams used the phrase, "Anything that happens, happens. Anything that in happening causes something else to happen, causes something else to happen. Anything that in happening happens again, happens again. Though not necessarily in that order.", in his book Mostly Harmless.
[edit] Examples of tautology
The British supermarket Tesco sells a brand of lemon thyme which it describes as having an "aromatic aroma". Non-cognate synonyms may also produce a tautology; "free gift" is tautologous because a gift, by definition, is something given without charge. Other examples of tautology include phrases such as "new innovation" and "tuna fish". The Yogi Berra-esque statement "If you don't get any better, you'll never improve" is another example. A very frequently used tautologous phrases are "PIN number"- the "N" stands for number and "MLB baseball" while "B" stands for baseball. A common phrase, such as "Thomas Edison first invented the telephone", is redundant, as there is no way in which someone could invent something a second time, so the "first" in that phrase is unnecessary.
The preceding sentence,
"A common phrase, such as "Thomas Edison first invented the telephone", is redundant, as there is no way in which someone could invent something a second time, so the "first" in that phrase is unnecessary.", is tautological.
"redundant" negates the need for "that phrase is unnecessary.".
[edit] Repetitions of meaning in mixed-language phrases
Exact repetitions of meaning sometimes occur when multiple languages are used together, such as "the La Brea Tar Pits" (the The tar Tar Pits), "the hoi polloi" (the the many),
"Sierra Nevada mountain range" (Snowy Mountain Range mountain range),
"Sahara Desert" (Desert Desert),
"shiba inu dog" (small dog dog),
"Mississippi River" ("River"-"river" river) "cheese quesadilla" (cheese cheese-item), Mount Fujiyama (Mount Fuji-mountain), "Lake Tahoe" (Lake Lake), "chai tea" (tea tea), "Table Mesa" (Table Table), and "Angkor Wat temple" (Angkor Temple temple). Possibly the most extreme example is "Torpenhow Hill" (Hill-hill-hill Hill, in four different languages). "Scientology" similarly combines two tautological multilingual parts, from Latin scientia (science, knowledge) and Ancient Greek logos (science, reason, speech).
Hello Rob,Julia.
Did you actually hear what Howard said?
What is written above is not the way it was spoken.
Howard intended that Rudd's launch was described as "pretentious" (for pseudo), and a "poor imitation" (for ersatz) of the American campaign style.
We know this because his sentence went on... "complete with teleprompters, rear mirrors...", in describing the pretence.
My suspicion is that this line was not crafted by Howard, but instead by one of his slightly too clever spin doctors, who did not account for the stupidity of some journalists with poor vocabularies.
Correctly written it looks like pseudo-American, pseudo, ersatz launch of the campaign.
Context is important.
As pseudo was used in its adjectival form by Howard, it's a reasonable fit for the "imitative" (especially of something superior) definition.Btw, is "pretentious" an appropriate synonym for "pseudo"?
In rhetoric, antimetabole is the repetition of words in successive clauses, but in reverse grammatical order (ex: "I know what I like, and like what I know"). It is similar to chiasmus although chiasmus does not use repetition of the same words or phrases
It is derived from the Greek anti ("against","in opposite direction") and metabole ("turning about").
Antimetabole
I find that some of my favourite quotes fall into this category
"Now this is not the end. It is not even the beginning of the end, but it is, perhaps, the end of the beginning." Winston Churchill, The Lord Mayor's Luncheon, Mansion House, November 10, 1942.
At school, one of my English teachers drummed into me that "quote" is a verb, while "quotation" is a noun. So one should really say "my favourite quotations ...". These days, however, common usage seems to overwhelmingly support "quote" as a noun, so maybe the distinction is overly pedantic?Antimetabole
I find that some of my favourite quotes fall int othis category
snaggleAt school, one of my English teachers drummed into me that "quote" is a verb, while "quotation" is a noun. So one should really say "my favourite quotations ...". These days, however, common usage seems to overwhelmingly support "quote" as a noun, so maybe the distinction is overly pedantic?
- Snaggle.
I used to be amp-i dextrous
till I got this re-volt-ing charge
I said "hey - just boys being boisterous”
he said “hey – here’s a surge from the sarge”
does it have to be bullets that drill ya ?
or guns from which current flows ?
I ask you what kills ya ? - watts kill ya !! (?) - (I think)
I ask you what’s dead ? – THAT I knows …
Example #1: "The absence of evidence is not the evidence of absence." -- Carl SaganFigure of emphasis in which the words in one phrase or clause are replicated, exactly or closely, in reverse grammatical order in the next phrase or clause; an inverted order of repeated words in adjacent phrases or clauses (A-B, B-A).
But O, what damned minutes tells he o'er
Who dotes, yet doubts; suspects, yet strong loves.
—Shakespeare, Othello 3.3
The idea of affection occurs in "dotes" and "strongly loves"; the idea of doubting in "doubts" and "suspects". These two ideas occur in the quotation in an A B B A order, thus repeated and inverted
I swear , lol -It is boring to eat; to sleep is fulfilling
The pattern is present participle-infinitive; infinitive-present participle
.Overview
Like wildflower seeds tossed on fertile ground, the figures of speech, sometimes called the "flowers of rhetoric" (flores rhetoricae), have multiplied into a garden of enormous variety over time. As the right frame of this web resource illustrates, the number of figures of speech can seem quite imposing. And indeed, the number, names, and groupings of figures have been the most variable aspect of rhetoric over its history etc etc
Oh really???"A common phrase, such as "Thomas Edison first invented the telephone", is redundant, as there is no way in which someone could invent something a second time, so the "first" in that phrase is unnecessary.", is tautological.
Just saw this. Earlier posters have supplied the meaning of London to a brick. It seems that Ken Howard - race caller - coined it, and it's cleverer than I'd ever realised; I've only just discovered that "brick" was a term for Ten pounds (money). I also didn't know that there's a response - bet you Paris to a peanut you didn't think of itThis line comes immediately after the party is trapped in the Mines Of Moria, after the Watcher in the Water collapses the entrance around them. It's from the movie, and doesn't appear in the book (I just checked).
Interestingly, earlier in the movie at the Council of Elrond, Elrond also says "We have but one choice. The ring must be destroyed."
And I've never heard the expression "I'd bet London to a brick ..." before. Any idea where that comes from?
Cheers, Snaggle.
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