China Shows Wisdom By Training Many More Geologists Than Lawyers
Source:
www.minesite.com
Date: May, 2007
An extraordinarily perceptive article has come our way from, of all places, Pittsburg Pennsylvania , and it is written by Byron King for a website, blog, or whatever called Whiskey & Gunpowder.
It appears that Byron recently attended annual convention of the American Association of Petroleum Geologists in Long Beach, Calif. It was a gathering of about 5,200 geologists from around the world, and many others who work in related fields dealing with the world’s oil and gas industries. In addition to the formal members of the AAPG, the convention hosted many hundreds more individuals from related industries such as the oil service companies, geophysics companies, and the like, as well as from government and academia.
One of the things that struck him about the assembled throng was just how collectively well educated the whole group was. Many members of AAPG with one or more master’s degrees in scientific and technical fields. The numbers of Ph.D. holders, combined with the broad spectrum of research fields in evidence, was
entirely impressive.
At this convention Byron met Mr Wang, from the University of Geoscience in Wuhan, China. Mr. Wang is a marine geologist, and teaches the subject at the university level. He is very smart, as Byron found out when they sat next to each other on a bus, and during a field trip to look at the rocks of the Palos Verdes
Peninsula. The two of them discussed numerous subjects of a geological nature, subjects of which he has an excellent grasp, in both English and Chinese. Here is some of what was discussed.
Byron asked Mr. Wang how many students attend the University of Geoscience in Wuhan.
“About 20,000,” he replied.
“You have 20,000 students majoring in geology? “ Byron asked, stunned at the number.
“Oh, no,” Mr Wang replied with a smile. “Many of our students study in other fields of science, such as physics, chemistry, biology. And we even have a few students who study art and theater.”
“So how many people do you have studying geology?” Byron asked.
“ About 10,000,” he replied.
“10,000? In what fields of geology do the students pursue their studies?”
Mr. Wang replied, “We teach basic scientific background such as maths, chemistry, and physics. Then we teach geological concepts like stratigraphy and mineralogy and structural geology. Then we take the students into specific fields such as oil and gas geology, petroleum engineering, mineralogy, mining geology and engineering, civil engineering, geological engineering, marine geology, geochemistry, geophysics, and whatever other fields branch out from those subjects.?
“Do your students have jobs when they finish their studies?” Byron asked.
“Oh, yes,” replied Mr. Wang. “Our students graduate, and many go to get advanced degrees in China, as well as in Australia, Europe, and the U.S. We also send many students into the oil and gas industry, the mining industry, engineering fields, and the like. We have graduates working at geological projects on every continent of the Earth, in the mining industry and in the oil extraction industry, building roads and dams across China, and as far away as Arabia, Africa, and South America, and even performing research in Antarctica.?
“So, since you have 10,000 students, is your school the main school for the study of geology in China?”
“Oh, no,” Mr Wang replied. “Ours is one of three geoscience universities in China. The other two universities are comparable to ours. And many other universities have their own college of geology. Beijing University, for example, is a very great school that is attended by many of the best students in China. It has a college of geology with about 4,000 students.?
Can you give me some idea of how many students are studying geology in China today?”
Mr. Wang thought for a moment. “If you add it all up,” he said, “there are about 40,000 or 50,000 students studying geology in China today at the university level. Maybe more, but I do not want to give you a number that is too high. Many of these students might not become geologists, because they will go into civil engineering or some related field. The Premier of China, Wei Jiabao, is a geologist, by the way, and worked as a geological surveyor in his youth. And many other students, such as those studying chemistry or physics in the university, might eventually become geochemists or geophysicists. But we are currently training about 50,000 or so geologists in China,
across the nation.”
That number is well over 25 times the number of college students who are studying geology in the U.S., which includes foreign students enrolled at U.S. institutions, and that is after something of a surge in enrolments in geoscience departments in the past two or three years. Back in 2004, according to statistics published by the U.S. National Science Foundation, there were fewer than 500 degrees granted in geology and petroleum engineering by all U.S. universities combined.
This is an important development. There is a revolution occurring in the scientific approach to understanding the Earth. The fields that make up geology, and related Earth and space sciences, are currently undergoing major advances that promote understanding of our planet as a number of interrelated systems. Many new realms of scientific investigation are emerging through the study of the connections and interactions between the atmosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere, cryosphere, solid Earth, and near space.
Furthermore, geoscientists are playing critical roles in recognizing the extent and magnitude of human impact on the entire Earth system. And this understanding is
gaining new context via the growth in knowledge of processes on other planets. So the more people who understand at least the basics of geology , the better for everyone.
It has to be acknowledged that almost all of the ‘easy’ oil and gas, minerals, metals, energy, and water resources of the Earth been located and tapped. The future of modern civilization depends on how well any given group of people, from any given nation or organization, can understand how best to extract or harness the resources of the Earth that are not ‘easy’ to access. So going forward, there had better be some geology majors coming out of the academic sweatshops, and the more the better.
No comparisons can be made with Blair’s dumbed -down Britain where young people are persuaded to study such subjects as media studies, spin doctoring and bicycle riding at what are called Universities, but in the States law schools have awarded an average of about 40,000 law degrees annually to aspiring lawyers. So for each geologist that U.S. academia cranks out, the law school industry mills something between 50-100 lawyers. At the extreme end of the ratio, there are 100 new lawyers graduating from U.S. universities for every new geologist coming out into the work force.
Why is it that China is training armies of geologists while the U.S. is training armies of lawyers? And is there something ominous about that fact? Let’s examine a few aspects of this situation.
The U.S. and China are about the same size in terms of land area so it is not that China needs more geologists to cover more ground. By the criteria of raw acreage, Russia and Canada should be graduating divisions of geologists. But Russia and Canada, the largest and second largest nations in the world by land area, are not doing this. The Chinese are leading the world in the training of large numbers of geoscientists by a country mile.
In terms of population, China has 1.3 billion people and the U.S. has something over 300 million. So China has slightly over four times the population of the U.S. On a per capita basis, it might make sense for China to train more geologists. But still, there is a difference between China having four times the population and 50 times the geologists in training.
The U.S. has built its interstate highway system, much of which is now clogged with automobiles and trucks speeding hither and yon, while China has a way to go yet.. If China were to burn as much gasoline on a per capita basis as does the U.S., China alone would require the entire world’s daily oil output and then some. But that is just extrapolating the present into the future, and things are going to change dramatically long before something like that could occur, if it were even possible.
And China is building, building, building - roads, houses offices skyscrapers, factories, you name it. It is said that China is building the equivalent of a new Houston every month. In 2006 China added more electrical-generating capacity than exists in the entire state of California, where they have been building generating capacity for 100 years. So China is growing, and growing fast.
So why does China train so many geologists and the US so many lawyers? One might think that in an advanced post-industrial state, such as the U.S., which has exhausted a significant fraction of its national energy and mineral resources over the past two centuries, the need would be for more geologists to locate and assist in securing new energy and mineral supplies...
[ The article was slightly shortened to fit ASF post dimensions ]