While I wouldn't go so far as to say it's possible to predict a cycle 100 years in advance, there is a lot of merit in understanding economic cycles. A modern adaptation is the "economic clock":
It's more of a black art trying to predit the exact start/end of a cycle to an exact year, but it pays to understand the sequence of general economic cycles and their effects on various asset prices.
Every Bull market will over do itself and end badly and every deep crash will over do itself and be followed by a bull market which will eventually over do it's and end badly.
Human emotions ensure this will continue to happen.
As Ben Graham said " Interesting opportunities abound and the Intelligent Investor should find both profit and enjoyment in this three ringed circus, Excitement is guaranteed"
Further research into the o.p. chart brought this similarity up. Should we question authenticity considering the ability to doctor pictures with software.
Best way to validate is to determine the theory used to calculate the cylces (wysywig had some info there) then pick a different starting point and run through the calcs.
As i said before, you cant calculate this stuff to an exact date - its more about understanding the effects of different stages of the economic cycle
It's called the Austrian theory of the business cycle.
But there was no central bank back then? Yes. There was free banking. Fractional reserve banking plays an important role in the inflationary process (artificial boom, then bust).