Re: CWE - Carnegie Wave Energy
All set to catch the next energy wave
Giles Parkinson
The weekend just past was a pretty lousy one for surf in the Perth region, with wave heights around knee to waste high at best. Not great for surfers, but just fine for developers of ocean energy, such as the Perth-based Carnegie Wave Energy. To generate electricity from the ocean, you don’t need big waves, you just need constant wave motion.
Early on Sunday Perth time, Australia’s first commercial-size wave energy machine – developed by Carnegie – was quietly deployed and began producing power from its pump anchored around 25 metres under the sea off the Garden Island Naval Base.
It was a hugely significant moment for Carnegie, which has spent more than a decade developing its CETO technology, which has been refined from an original idea from company founder Alan Burns, the oil and mining entrepreneur who became fascinated by ocean energy after being pummelled by some truly big waves in Hawaii and off Rottnest Island nearly two decades ago.
And it could also be a truly significant moment for the energy industry as a whole. Wave energy, in theory at least, could provide up to one third of Australia’s energy needs, according to Carnegie, although the CSIRO has predicted even greater potential.
In a country rich with renewable sources such as wind, solar and geothermal, not to mention its fossil fuels, it will likely never meet that capacity. But it could play a key role in some areas, particularly if it delivers on its cost predictions, and may become critical to the energy needs of countries in Europe, Africa and South America, that have few other options.
The first units are going to be horrendously expensive, which is what most people expected, but once it achieves economies of scale, most ocean energy developers are confident that they will be challenging wind on cost per megawatt hour – which is not something many people anticipated at all.
“This is a huge milestone for us,” says Carnegie CEO Michael Ottaviano, who adds that the unit, designed to deliver more than 100kW, is so far performing to expectations. “What we are doing now is demonstrating the technically novel part. Once we are comfortable with that, we move on to the less novel part – installing pipes and turbines – and then its just about connecting multiple units.”
The single CETO pump that is installed off Garden Island is anchored to the ocean floor and an attached buoy moves in harmony with the motion of the passing waves, driving the pump, which in turn pressurises water that will be delivered ashore via a pipeline. This water, in turn, will drive a hydraulic turbine, generating zero-emission electricity. The water can also be used to supply a reverse osmosis desalination plant, replacing the traditional greenhouse gas-emitting electricity driven pumps.
Pump, attachment and connector being deployed from barge
Ottaviano says Carnegie will monitor the unit’s performance over the next 6-8 weeks, but within the next few months will make a decision on where to deploy its first full-scale demonstration plant, likely to be up to 20 units generating around 2MW of power.
Garden Island is the most likely option, because it can deliver the project in the quickest time, but the company is also being courted by Reunion Island, where its partner, the French energy giant EDF, is offering to pay half its costs and the French government offering to pay a generous feed in tariff.
BA operational off Garden Island
Wherever the first demonstration plant is built, the future roll-out of multiple units is likely to take place overseas, where some countries such as Ireland and Scotland are battling to become the world centre for ocean energy.
“The countries pursuing wave energy are doing so because they see a competitive advantage,” Ottaviano says. “They want to own the space. It’s not just about generating kilowatt hours into the grid, it’s about industry development and IP generation. That sort of argument doesn’t penetrate in Australia. All we hear about is the costs in developing the technologies.”
Ottaviano notes that Ireland, where Carnegie has developed strong commercial relationships, is the only country in the world with a defined wave energy target – it wants to install 500MW of capacity by 2020.
Carnegie’s own goal is to have 40-50MW of installed capacity by 2015, and it is likely to happen either in western European countries that are offering generous tariffs, or on remote islands, where local authorities are seeking to displace expensive diesel.
Ottaviano says analysis by Parsons Brinckerhoff suggested that once economies of scale are achieved, costs could fall to as low as 12c per kilowatt hour. “We will start higher than that, so the best markets for us will be where we can get the best tariffs.”
In Bermuda, for instance, where the company has recently installed a wave-monitoring buoy, the proposed tariff is 42c/kWh. “The trick for us is in the next five years, deploy 50MW of projects in high tariff region and use them to generate economies of scale to get costs down to 12-13c/kWh, Ottaviano says. “At that point we will be competitive with wind.”